Ten open problems.

The frontiers that still gate trust in quantum hardware.

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01 / 10

Logical qubits still Markovian?

Physical noise forgets; syndrome memory can break logical GST / RB.

APS 2026

02 / 10

Can we untangle crosstalk?

Separate SPAM, gate error, and neighbor coupling—no independence assumed.

Simultaneous GST

03 / 10

What noise stays unlearnable?

Mid-circuit measurements unlock Pauli parameters cycle benchmarking can't see.

MCM cycle BB

04 / 10

Few shots, real certificates?

Classical shadows turn random measurements into scalable checks.

IWQCVV

05 / 10

Is one number enough?

A single fidelity doesn't predict useful quantum advantage.

Nat. Rev. Phys. 2025

06 / 10

Can one prover certify BQP?

Information-theoretic single-prover QPIP is still open.

OQP · QIP

07 / 10

Can benchmarks be certificates?

A high score is not a proof the device did the right quantum job.

Tap

Verif. → Bench.

08 / 10

Crosstalk—or just memory?

Non-Markovianity can fake crosstalk in GST fits.

PRX Quantum

09 / 10

Does crosstalk go logical?

Low-weight coupling can become logical ZZ in multi-logical blocks.

QEC 2025

10 / 10

Can RB survive memory?

DD and randomized compiling help only in part—not a full fix.

RB theory